This theory finds its basis in the studies of evolutionary psychology (that is, it studies the behavior of man starting from what has been more or less useful for him in terms of evolution).
MacLean distinguishes three parts of the brain, each with distinct functions. The three parts work in a hierarchical way: the most basic impulses are progressively refined and finally rationalized, "going back" from the oldest parts of our brain to the more recent neo-cortex.
Reptilian brain (which for convenience we will call the Lizard)
The reptilian brain is a cerebral area that resembles the "primitive" brain of animals. It is located in the brain stem, right on the area where the spinal cord joins the skull. It is the most primordial part of every human being and its main function is to avoid "harming us" and for this reason it makes us feel a vigilant and constant anxiety.
Limbic brain (the Mouse)
The "emotional" brain (also called the limbic system) is located just above the reptilian brain, in the center of the central nervous system (CNS), in the area below the cortical. It is considered the control center of emotions and danger, the judge of well-being. In fact, his main job is to get us closer to the things that keep us alive.
Rational or social brain (the Monkey)
This is the "youngest" area of our brain, also known as the neocortex. It is the brain area that differentiates humans from other animals. The rational brain occupies only 30% of the skull, and mostly hosts information about the outside world. It is the brain area that allows us to think, make mental schemes about the world and connect with others.
How can we take care of our 3 brains?
How to pet the Lizard?
- Recognize anxiety trying to say "This is anxiety";
- Remind ourselves that it is normal to feel anxious;
- Take deep breaths and feel the whole breathe;
- Breathe slowly for 20/30 seconds trying to focus on the feelings of relaxation.
How to feed the Mouse?
- When you ea,t realize that food is becoming part of us;
- When you breathe, feel the air entering to maintain you alive;
- Receive help and support from others, including useful information, humor and kindness.
How to hug the Monkey?
- Recallbeing with someone who is caring toward you;
- Focus on body sensations and thoughts of being cared;
- Remember to allow others to take care of us.